11 | Frequent Variation in Work Changing nature of work necessitating corrective measures. | · AACE International (2019) [22] · Amos (2004) [3] · Mubarak (2010) [2] · Neely (1999) [10] |
12 | Contentious Claims Non-defined work scope and responsibilities, and poor documentation. | · Abdul-Malak et al. (2002) [24] · Kululanga (2001) [25] · Lu et al. (2015) [26] · Stamatiou (2019) [27] · Vidogah (1998) [28] |
13 | Unrealistic Planning Inadequate pre-contract planning resulting in increased scope of effort and extensive as-planned data. | · Golparvar-Fard (2010) [8] · Kerzner (2009) [18] · Mubarak (2010) [2] |
14 | Unforeseen Site Conditions The difficulty in taking physical measurement under inclement weather. | · Garold (2000) [4] · Yogeswaran et al. (1998) [30] |
15 | Extension of Time Measurements related to time are muddled when time changes. | · AACE International (2019) [22] · Mubarak (2010) [2] |
16 | Delays and Disruptions Progress measurement becomes distorted whenever work is interrupted and prolonged reports also delay decision making process. | · AACE International (2019) [22] · Garold (2000) [4] · Golparvar-Fard et al. (2009) [23] · Kaka (1999) [17] |