“Define as’’ or “Denote as’’

I ( A )

Indicative function of set A

Τ

Vector or matrix transposition

ξ = o ( 1 )

ξ is infinitesimal

ξ = O ( 1 )

ξ is a bounded variable

ξ n = o P ( η n )

For any ε > 0 , P ( ξ n ε η n ) 0

ξ n = O P ( η n )

ξ n / η n is bounded in probability

N ( μ , Σ )

Normal distribution with mean μ and covariance matrix Σ

E ( )

Expectation

var ( )

Variance

l 2 norm