Characters observed

Juchundra

Sasunavhgar Navsinghdwar

Gokhivre

Ghodbander

Size oftlze clast

2 to 64 mm

(max. 50 cm) rafts of tuffs

Essentially < 4 mm lower parts contain 4 - 64 mm

Essentially < 4 mm lower layer contains cored lapilli (2 - 64 mm)

<4 mm

Type ofclast

Pumice, juvenile and epiclastic fragments.

Oxidized tuff fragments, pumice, consolidated soot.

Essentially pumice fragments.

Pumice epiclastic fragments.

Shape of clasts

Circular, elliptical pumice, lithics are angular. Rafts aligned parallel to bed.

Circular pumice, other fragments subangular to angular.

Spherical, elongated, gray ash pumice smaller clasts angular.

Spherical to elongate pumice.

Cohesiveness welding

Vitreous, brittle, well defined pumiceous zone lithified.

Well consolidated, glassy fracture, with brittle unconsolidated layers in between shale like fissility

Well indurated welded, with cherty balls, upper part loose and vesicular

Consolidated but friable

Cystals

Contains feldspar crystals

Certain sections contain crystal tuff, rest vitric

No crystals observed, in hand

specimen

No crystal observed.

Structure (Depositional)

Cyclic deposit with graded bedding, reverse grading of pumice, normal grading of lithics, tongues observed, cross bedding in upper parts.

Moderately bedded, internal cross stratification and dune structure developed.

Thinly bedded bedding sags, reverse and normal grading of pumice and rock fragments.

Thickly bedded with no internal bedding

Association

Lying over an agglomerate, interbedded with non welded crystalline felsic tuff.

Overlying basalt flow, has intrusive relation at one place with associated basalt.

Interbedded with basalt, and agglomerate

Lying conformably over basalt

Thickness

about 20 m

>l00 m

10 - 15 m

10 m

Geometry of the deposit

Sheet, layered

Sheet, layered

Layered limited dimensions

Small fill type.

Bedform and other salient feature

Contains planer beds, with tongues of one sub layer protruding into other, margins of such tongues are chilled

Planar beds dune structure

Planar beds bedding sags, cherty lumps, cherty balls and cored/accretionary lapilli, upper beds contain only ash pumice.

Planar beds, thick bedding, surface has cavities of various sizes.