From state

to state

in M rounds

P ( i , j , M )

i = 3

j = 0

M = 1

P ( 3 , 0 , 1 ) = 0

i = 3

j = 0

M = 2

P ( 3 , 0 , 2 ) = 0

i = 3

j = 0

M = 3

P ( 3 , 0 , 3 ) = 0

i = 2

j = 0

M = 1

P ( 2 , 0 , 1 ) = 0

i = 2

j = 0

M = 2

( 1 p ) 2

i = 2

j = 0

M = 3

( 1 p ) 2 1 + ( 1 p ) 3 p

i = 2

j = 0

M = 4

( 1 p ) 2 1 2 + ( 1 p ) 3 p