S. No.

Name of cis-element

Putative binding site

Function of the cis-element

TFs

Ref

1

ARR1AT

NGATT; N = A/T/G/C

(Motif 5 & 6 of dicot)

ARR1 is a response regulator; found in Arabidopsis; N = G/A/C/T; AGATT is also present in the promoter of rice non-symbiotic haemoglobin-2 (NSHB) gene.

None

[41] [42]

2

BOX-4

ATTAAT

(Motif 9 of dicot)

Part of a conserved DNA molecule involved in light responsiveness

None

[43]

3

CAAT-BOX

CAAT

(Motif 7 of dicot)

“CAAT promoter consensus sequence” found in legA gene of pea

None

[44]

4

DOFCOREZM

AAAG

(Motif 7 of monocot)

Core dof protein binding site was found in maize; zinc finger, and is unique to plants; Four cDNAs encoding Dof proteins, Dof1, Dof2, Dof3 and PBF, have been isolated maize; PBF is an endosperm specific Dof protein that binds to form prolamin box; and enhances transcription from the promoters of both cytosolic orthophosphate promoter and non-photosynthetic PEPC gene

DOF

[45]

5

E-BOXNNAPA/ MYCCONSENSUAT

CANNTG; N = A/T/G/C

(Motif 7 of dicot)

(Motif 5 of monocot)

The site is present in the promoter of rd22 (dehydration-responsive gene) and in many other genes in Arabidopsis; Binding site of ATMYC2 (previously known as rd22BP1); N = A/T/G/C; MYC recognition sequence in CBF3 promoter; Binding site of ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1) that regulates the transcription of CBF/DREB1 genes in the cold in Arabidopsis. E-box of napA storage-protein gene of Brassica napus. This sequence is also known as RRE (R response element).

ICE1

[46] [47] [48] [49] [50]

6

GTGANTG10

GTGA

(Motif 5 of dicot)

“GTGA motif” found in the promoter of the tobacco late pollen gene g10 which shows homology to pectate lyase and is the putative homologue of the tomato gene lat56; Located between −96 and −93

None

[51]

7

POLLENLELAT52

AGAAA

(Motif 1 of monocot)

Regulatory element responsible for pollen specific activation of tomato lat52 gene; Found at −72 to −68 region. Also found in the promoter of tomato endo-beta-mannanase gene.

None

[52] [53]

8

RAV1AAT

CAACA

(Motif 7 of dicot)

RAV1 binding consensus sequence, binds to DNA with bipartite sequence motifs of RAV1-A (CAACA) and RAV1-B (CACCTG); RAV1 protein contains AP2-like and B3-like domains which recognize the CAACA and CACCTG motifs, respectively; The expression level of RAV1 is relatively high in rosette leaves and roots in Arabidopsis

RAV1

[54]

9

WRKY710S

TGAC

(Motif 3, 4 & 5 of dicot)

A core of TGAC-containing W-box is present in Amy32b promoter; is binding site of rice WRKY71, which acts a transcriptional repressor in the gibberellin signaling pathway; Parsley WRKY proteins bind specifically to TGAC-containing W box elements within the Pathogenesis-Related Class10 (PR-10) genes

WRKY71

[55]

10

10PEHVPSBD

TATTC

(Motif 4 of dicot)

“−10 promoter element” present in psbD gene promoter of barley; is required for expression of the psbD (plastid gene) encoding chlorophyll-binding protein of photosystem II reaction center, activated by blue/UV-A light/white light.

None

[56]