Contaminant | Surfactant, concentration. (g/L) | Solution pH | Initial conc. or range (mg/L) | Contact time (min) | Agitation (rpm) | Temp. (˚C) | Kinetic model | Isotherm | Contaminant removed (% or mg/g) | References |
Cd (II) | SDS, 10.1, 4.28*CMC | 6 | 100 | 120 | 100 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Freundlich | 22.3 | Ahn et al. [23] |
SDBS, 10.1 10.64*CMC | 6 | 100 | 120 | 100 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Freundlich | 17.53 | Ahn et al. [23] | |
DSS, 10.1 5.94*CMC | 6 | 100 | 120 | 100 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Freundlich | 17.31 | Ahn et al. [23] | |
Virgin activated carbon | 6 | 100 | 120 | 100 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Freundlich | 2.47 | Ahn et al. [23] | |
Cd (II) | SDBS, 30.7 73.4*CMC | 4.5 - 7.2 | 10 - 100 | 1440 | - | 25 | ? | Langmuir | 44.2a | Sun et al. [24] |
Virgin activated carbon | 4.5 - 7.2 | 10 - 100 | 1440 | - | 25 | ? | Langmuir | 6.8 | Sun et al. [24] | |
Co (II) | SDS, 3.54 1.5*CMC | 7 | 20 - 100 | 90 | 250 | 40 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 51 | Kakavandi [26] |
Bromate | CTAC, 0.64 1.26*CMC | 3 | 2 - 20 | 1440 | - | 25 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 38.02 | Chen et al. [25] |
Virgin activated carbon | 3 | 2 - 20 | 1440 | - | 25 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 7.02 | Chen et al. [25] | |
Bromate | CTAC, 0.64 2*CMC | - | 1 - 100 | 720 | - | - | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 35.8 | Farooqet al. [22] |
Bromate | CPC, 0.68 2*CMC | - | 1 - 100 | 720 | - | - | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 34.2 | Farooqet al. [22] |
CTAB, 0.729 2*CMC | - | 1 - 100 | 720 | - | - | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 13.1 | Farooq et al. [22] | |
Virgin activated carbon | - | 1 - 100 | 720 | - | - | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | ~13.1 | Farooq et al. [22] | |
Nitrate | CTAB, 10.9 33.3*CMC | 5.6 | 100 | 5 | 250 | 25 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 83.3; 60% | Allalouet al. [28] |
Virgin activated carbon | 5.6 | 100 | 5 | 250 | 25 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 14% | Allalou et al. [28] | |
Nitrate | CTAB, 0.164 0.5*CMC | 7 | 40 - 200 | 120 | 200 | 25 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 21.5b | Mazarji et al. [27] |
Nitrate | CPMG, 2.5 | 6.5 - 6.8 | 25 - 376 | 90 | 150 | 23 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 26 | Cho et al. [29] |
Virgin activated carbon | 6.5 - 6.8 | 25 - 376 | 90 | 150 | 23 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 14.3 | Cho et al. [29] | |
Cr (VI) | CPMG, 2.5 | 6.5 - 6.8 | 25 - 376 | 90 | 150 | 23 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 81 | Cho et al. [29] |
Virgin activated carbon | 6.5 - 6.8 | 25 - 376 | 90 | 150 | 23 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 55 | Cho et al. [29] | |
Cr (VI) | HDTMA, 0.168 0.5*CMC | - | 10 - 200 | 180 | 150 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 4.06 | Choi et al. [17] |
CPC, 0.161 0.5*CMC | - | 10 - 200 | 180 | 150 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 3.70 | Choi et al. [17] | |
Virgin activated carbon | - | 10 - 200 | 180 | 150 | 20 | Pseudo second order | Langmuir | 1.28 | Choi et al. [17] | |
Perchlorate | CTAC, 1.6 5*CMC | ~6.7 | 5 - 50 | 120 | 120 | 60 |
| Langmuir | 55.3 | Tang et al. [21] |