Transforming country

Ln(GNI)

(c, 0)

LLC

0.0000*

Instable

Ln(GNI) ~ I(1)

Breitung

0.7782

IPS

0.3860

ADF

0.2107

PP

0.1882

D(Ln(GNI))

(c, 0)

LLC

0.0000

Stable

Breitung

-

IPS

0.0000

ADF

0.0000

PP

0.0000

Ln(FDI)

(c, t)

LLC

0.0035*

Instable

Ln(FDI) ~ I(1)

Breitung

0.0328**

IPS

0.3782

ADF

0.4615

PP

0.5388

D(Ln(FDI))

(c, 0)

LLC

0.0000

Stable

Breitung

-

IPS

0.0000

ADF

0.0000

PP

0.0000

(Ln(FDI))²

(c, t)

LLC

0.2361

Instable

(Ln(FDI))² ~ I(1)

Breitung

0.0098*

IPS

0.8004

ADF

0.7743

PP

0.7639

D[(Ln(FDI))²]

(c, 0)

LLC

0.0000

Stable

Breitung

-

IPS

0.0000

ADF

0.0002

PP

0.0000