Group type | Variable | Test type (c, t) test | ADF test | Stability (α = 5%) | Conclusion | |
Test method | P value | |||||
Developed country | Ln(GNI) | (c, t) | LLC | 0.0178** | 1Instable | Ln(GNI) ~ I(1) |
Breitung | 0.1130 | |||||
IPS | 0.1020 | |||||
ADF | 0.1253 | |||||
PP | 0.1108 | |||||
D(Ln(GNI)) | (c, 0) | LLC | 0.0000 | Stable | ||
Breitung | - | |||||
IPS | 0.0000 | |||||
ADF | 0.0001 | |||||
PP | 0.0000 | |||||
Ln(FDI) | (c, t) | LLC | 0.4053 | Instable | Ln(FDI) ~ I(1) | |
Breitung | 0.6198 | |||||
IPS | 0.2194 | |||||
ADF | 0.2123 | |||||
PP | 0.3880 | |||||
D(Ln(FDI)) | (c, 0) | LLC | 0.0006 | Stable | ||
Breitung | - | |||||
IPS | 0.0001 | |||||
ADF | 0.0005 | |||||
PP | 0.0001 | |||||
(Ln(FDI))2 | (c, t) | LLC | 0.1663 | Instable | (Ln(FDI))2 ~ I(1) | |
Breitung | 0.4188 | |||||
IPS | 0.0522*** | |||||
ADF | 0.0572*** | |||||
PP | 0.2689 | |||||
D[(Ln(FDI))2] | (c, 0) | LLC | 0.0036 | Stable | ||
Breitung | - | |||||
IPS | 0.0001 | |||||
ADF | 0.0007 | |||||
PP | 0.0001 |