Element

Explanation

Feedback

Direct response to actions executed

Transparency

Openness and clarity regarding data used

Objectives

Structured, step-by-step tasks

Storytelling

Stories to escalate motivating strands of action

Points

Points as visible feedback momentum

Levels

Progress index and controlling of degrees of difficulty

Badges

Signalling status within system and community

Onboarding

Direct entry without further explanation

Contest

Competition between users as motivating components

Collaboration

Addressing social needs trough working together as a community

Time

Time and time pressure as feedback elements and motivating factors

Repetition

Opportunities for repetition to stimulate learning

Personalisation

User adaptation via elements of personalisation

The unexpected

Unexpected effects through breaking the monotony