| Variable | Augmented Dickey-Fuller test | Phillips-Perron test | ||
| Level | 1st difference | Level | 1st difference | |
| TFP growth rate | −3.73 | −6.5 | −3.68 | −7.0 |
| TFP growth rate, allowing for trend | −3.66 | −6.3 | −3.60 | −6.9 |