Variable

Sample

Mean Treatment

Mean Control

Std Mean Diff

p value

Age

Before

44.66

42.80

15.898

0.193

After

43.69

42.94

6.543

0.674

Education

Before

7.54

6.88

18.864

0.096*

After

7.22

7.61

−11.913

0.387

Experience

Before

14.66

13.29

15.036

0.230

After

13.50

14.51

−11.895

0.405

Household composition

Before

6.55

6.51

1.630

0.885

After

6.40

6.37

1.321

0.917

Age below 18

Before

3.11

3.16

−2.609

0.813

After

3.02

3.00

1.273

0.920

Age18 to 50

Before

2.98

2.97

1.013

0.930

After

2.94

3.08

−9.204

0.527

Age 50 and older

Before

0.52

0.39

17.029

0.133

After

0.45

0.31

18.951

0.137

Land leased

Before

0.62

0.62

1.219

0.917

After

0.64

0.68

−7.946

0.560

Extension visit

Before

1.18

1.07

4.739

0.678

After

1.07

0.86

9.588

0.441

Meeting

Before

0.67

0.32

27.255

0.011**

After

0.44

0.50

−5.620

0.718

Mbulumbulu

Before

0.40

0.36

9.194

0.425

After

0.42

0.44

−3.360

0.820

Rhotia

Before

0.11

0.23

−37.273

0.005***

After

0.14

0.13

3.823

0.764

Monduli juu

Before

0.41

0.34

14.056

0.221

After

0.38

0.34

8.883

0.537

Transport

Before

0.11

0.05

17.225

0.102

After

0.08

0.06

7.335

0.594

Equipment

Before

0.06

0.11

−23.263

0.083*

After

0.07

0.07

1.950

0.892

Livestock

Before

0.93

0.94

−5.814

0.603

After

0.92

0.91

4.890

0.749

Hybrid seed

Before

0.11

0.10

5.940

0.599

After

0.10

0.12

−6.633

0.670

Off farm income

Before

0.17

0.15

4.716

0.680

After

0.17

0.12

14.569

0.285

Land size

Before

4.96

5.23

−4.834

0.697

After

5.07

5.27

−3.423

0.822

Output

Before

764.24

666.21

36.845

0.001***

After

727.94

722.31

2.393

0.849

TE scores

Before

0.81

0.77

34.501

0.007***

After

0.80

0.80

0.873

0.947