Variable | Sample | Mean Treatment | Mean Control | Std Mean Diff | p value | |
Age | Before | 44.66 | 42.80 | 15.898 | 0.193 | |
After | 43.69 | 42.94 | 6.543 | 0.674 | ||
Education | Before | 7.54 | 6.88 | 18.864 | 0.096* | |
After | 7.22 | 7.61 | −11.913 | 0.387 | ||
Experience | Before | 14.66 | 13.29 | 15.036 | 0.230 | |
After | 13.50 | 14.51 | −11.895 | 0.405 | ||
Household composition | Before | 6.55 | 6.51 | 1.630 | 0.885 | |
After | 6.40 | 6.37 | 1.321 | 0.917 | ||
Age below 18 | Before | 3.11 | 3.16 | −2.609 | 0.813 | |
| After | 3.02 | 3.00 | 1.273 | 0.920 | |
Age18 to 50 | Before | 2.98 | 2.97 | 1.013 | 0.930 | |
| After | 2.94 | 3.08 | −9.204 | 0.527 | |
Age 50 and older | Before | 0.52 | 0.39 | 17.029 | 0.133 | |
| After | 0.45 | 0.31 | 18.951 | 0.137 | |
Land leased | Before | 0.62 | 0.62 | 1.219 | 0.917 | |
After | 0.64 | 0.68 | −7.946 | 0.560 | ||
Extension visit | Before | 1.18 | 1.07 | 4.739 | 0.678 | |
After | 1.07 | 0.86 | 9.588 | 0.441 | ||
Meeting | Before | 0.67 | 0.32 | 27.255 | 0.011** | |
After | 0.44 | 0.50 | −5.620 | 0.718 | ||
Mbulumbulu | Before | 0.40 | 0.36 | 9.194 | 0.425 | |
After | 0.42 | 0.44 | −3.360 | 0.820 | ||
Rhotia | Before | 0.11 | 0.23 | −37.273 | 0.005*** | |
After | 0.14 | 0.13 | 3.823 | 0.764 | ||
Monduli juu | Before | 0.41 | 0.34 | 14.056 | 0.221 | |
After | 0.38 | 0.34 | 8.883 | 0.537 | ||
Transport | Before | 0.11 | 0.05 | 17.225 | 0.102 | |
After | 0.08 | 0.06 | 7.335 | 0.594 | ||
Equipment | Before | 0.06 | 0.11 | −23.263 | 0.083* | |
After | 0.07 | 0.07 | 1.950 | 0.892 | ||
Livestock | Before | 0.93 | 0.94 | −5.814 | 0.603 | |
After | 0.92 | 0.91 | 4.890 | 0.749 | ||
Hybrid seed | Before | 0.11 | 0.10 | 5.940 | 0.599 | |
After | 0.10 | 0.12 | −6.633 | 0.670 | ||
Off farm income | Before | 0.17 | 0.15 | 4.716 | 0.680 | |
After | 0.17 | 0.12 | 14.569 | 0.285 | ||
Land size | Before | 4.96 | 5.23 | −4.834 | 0.697 | |
| After | 5.07 | 5.27 | −3.423 | 0.822 | |
Output | Before | 764.24 | 666.21 | 36.845 | 0.001*** | |
| After | 727.94 | 722.31 | 2.393 | 0.849 | |
TE scores | Before | 0.81 | 0.77 | 34.501 | 0.007*** | |
| After | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.873 | 0.947 |