Variable | Nonparticipants (n = 188) | Participants (n = 122) | t-value | p-value | |
Age | 42.80 | 44.66 | −1.31 | 0.1928 | |
Education | 6.89 | 7.54 | −1.67 | 0.0955* | |
Experience | 13.29 | 14.66 | −1.20 | 0.2303 | |
Household composition | 6.51 | 6.55 | −0.14 | 0.8854 | |
Age below 18 | 3.16 | 3.11 | 0.24 | 0.8130 | |
Age18 to 50 | 2.97 | 2.98 | −0.09 | 0.9302 | |
Age 50 and older | 0.39 | 0.52 | −1.51 | 0.1329 | |
Land leased | 0.62 | 0.62 | −0.10 | 0.9167 | |
Extension visit | 1.07 | 1.18 | −0.42 | 0.6777 | |
Meeting | 0.32 | 0.67 | −2.56 | 0.0110** | |
Transport ownership | 0.05 | 0.11 | −1.64 | 0.1021 | |
Farm equipment | 0.11 | 0.06 | 1.74 | 0.0833* | |
Livestock | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.52 | 0.6031 | |
Hybrid seed | 0.10 | 0.11 | −0.53 | 0.5989 | |
Off-farm income | 0.15 | 0.17 | −0.41 | 0.6801 | |
Land size used | 5.23 | 4.96 | 0.39 | 0.6974 | |
Output/acre | 666.21 | 764.25 | −3.33 | 0.0010*** | |
Seed/acre | 80.21 | 79.47 | 0.38 | 0.7068 | |
Fertilizer/acre | 22.45 | 26.15 | −1.16 | 0.2453 | |
Herbicides/acre | 0.73 | 0.64 | 2.06 | 0.0402** | |
Insecticides/acre | 0.60 | 0.53 | 1.53 | 0.1269 | |
Pesticides/acre | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.8004 | |
TE scores | 0.77 | 0.81 | −2.73 | 0.0067*** | |
AE scores | 0.77 | 0.84 | −5.72 | 0.0000*** |