Variable

Nonparticipants (n = 259)

Participants (n = 51)

t-value

p-value

Age

43.54

43.49

0.03

0.9792

Education

7.06

7.51

−0.83

0.4083

Experience

14.26

11.63

1.81

0.0739*

Household composition

6.69

5.69

2.92

0.0044***

Age below 18

3.20

2.82

1.35

0.1798

Age 18 to 50

3.06

2.53

2.74

0.0076***

Age 50 and older

0.46

0.35

0.97

0.3376

Land leased

0.58

0.80

−3.45

0.0009***

Extension visit

0.90

2.18

−2.10

0.0080***

Meeting

0.38

0.86

−2.10

0.0401**

Transport ownership

0.07

0.12

−1.08

0.0000***

Farm equipment

0.09

0.10

−0.20

0.8402

Livestock

0.93

0.94

−0.19

0.8531

Hybrid seed

0.10

0.10

0.13

0.8934

Off-farm income

0.14

0.29

−2.34

0.0224**

Land size used

4.60

7.75

−2.36

0.0220**

Output per acre

686.84

795.91

−270

0.0088***

Seed per acre

80.73

75.81

2.28

0.0250**

Fertilizer Lts/acre

24.63

20.21

1.14

0.2593

Herbicides Lts/acre

0.69

0.73

−0.57

0.5688

Insecticides Lts/acre

0.55

0.64

−1.32

0.1921

Pesticides Lts/acre

0.37

0.42

−0.75

0.4573

TE scores

0.78

0.85

−4.77

0.0000***

AE scores

0.79

0.85

−4.09

0.0001***