Homogeneity

Heterogeneity

・ Geographical location and habitat : ‘pahari’

・ Racial category

・ Social organization

・ Mode of production:

・ Jummo cultivation

・ Horticulture & livestock

・ Limited hunting & gathering

・ Threats by dominant Bengali culture

・ Linguistic tradition

・ Belief system

・ Political authority & history

・ Cultural heritage

・ Level of ‘modernization’