Age | Rhee and White, 2007; Altinay et al., 2014 | |||
Gender | Amatucci and Sohl, 2004; Altinay et al., 2014 | |||
Race | Altinay et al., 2014 | |||
· To share values | Howorth and Moro, 2006; Weber and Weber, 2011; Maxwell and Lévesque, 2014 | |||
To have similar attitude to work | Discua et al., 2013 | |||
· To possess geographic tiles (tiles related to natural or man-made features that can shape identities including locale, region, or country) | ||||
To share nationality | Phillips et al., 2013 [83] | |||
To have localization and community embeddedness To share be minority in a foreign country, the distinctiveness of her country of origin from the host country acted as a point of co-identification To be from a similar region or country with similar traditions and history allowed stronger emotional ties in business transactions | Altinay et al., 2014 | |||
· To pursue common objectives, goals and interests | Howorth and Moro, 2006; Presutti et al., 2011; Schwarzkopf et al., 2010; Bergh et al., 2011; Weber and Weber, 2011; Discua et al., 2013; Scarbrough et al., 2013; Maxwell and Lévesque, 2014 | |||
· To hold the same expectations | ||||
If you (actor) get to the point where you and she have a shared vision about how the future could roll out, then you’ve got a couple of options … | Scarbrough et al., 2013 | |||
Value congruence (the compatibility of an actor’s beliefs and values with the entrepreneur’s cultural values) | ||||
· To share cognitive attributes, being it an individual’s system of meaning, attitudes, beliefs and identity | ||||
Common attitudes Common beliefs Common knowledge | Howorth and Moro, 2006; Jonsson, 2015 | |||
Common value | Howorth and Moro, 2006; Schwarzkopf et al., 2010; Jonsson 2015 | |||
· To get congruence of values between actors and her | Howorth and Moro, 2006; Bowey and Easton, 2007 | |||
· To inform about cognitive aspects (e.g. values) | Sigfusson and Harris, 2012 | |||
· To share norm | Weber and Weber 2011 | |||
· To meet principle compatibility | Bergh et al., 2011 | |||
· To show homophily through similar characteristics | Gordon and Jack, 2010; Bowey and Easton, 2007 | |||
To display personal affinity | Jack et al., 2008 | |||
To have common backgrounds | Schwarzkopf et al., 2010 | |||
To have social similarities | Bergh et al., 2011 | |||
To show good gut feeling a positive first impression-emotional connectivity There are people (she) to whom you (venture capital) can connect; there’s common ground | Weber and Weber, 2011 | |||
· To display homophily through similar experience | ||||