High-score group (M ± SD)

Low-score group (M ± SD)

t

sig

Professional commitment

3.78 ± 1.78

3.30 ± 1.61

2.70

0.007

Professional satisfaction

3.66 ± 1.75

3.28 ± 1.51

2.20

0.029

Learning engagement

4.17 ± 1.76

3.11 ± 1.51

6.15

0.000