N = 2272

Cronbach’s Alpha (α)

Omega (ω)

Average Variance Extracted (AVE)

SPANE-12

SPANE-12 P (6 items)

.90

.90

.60

SPANE12 N (6 items)

.85

.86

.52

SPANE-12Total

.91

.94

.56

SPANE-8

SPANE-8 P (4 items)

.85

.85

.59

SPANE-8 N (4 items)

.75

.76

.46

SPANE-8 Total

.84

.90

.53