Codes

Themes

● Able to write longer sentences.

● Use some information in the article read in writing.

● Use the vocabulary and sentence pattern.

1) Initiating ideas for writing

● Prefer the integration of reading in writing class.

● Activated schemata makes writing easier

● Confidence in writing essays

2) Students’ outlooks on writing after incorporating reading as a pre-writing activity:

a) more reflective

b) positive