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| Symbol | Variable | Definition | Unit |
| Dependent variable | C | CO2 emissions | Total Carbon emission of each province | Kiloton |
| Explanatory variable | UR | Urbanization | The share of urban population in the total population of each province | % |
| IS | Industry structure | Proportion of secondary industry | % | |
| EI | Energy intensity | Energy consumption per gross domestic product | Tce per 104 RMB Yuan | |
| pgdp | GDP per capita | Representing the level of economic development | 104 yuan | |
| P | Population | The total population of each province | 104 | |
| TE | Technology | Total number of patents | unit |