| Symbol | Variable | Definition | Unit |
Dependent variable | C | CO2 emissions | Total Carbon emission of each province | Kiloton |
Explanatory variable | UR | Urbanization | The share of urban population in the total population of each province | % |
IS | Industry structure | Proportion of secondary industry | % | |
EI | Energy intensity | Energy consumption per gross domestic product | Tce per 104 RMB Yuan | |
pgdp | GDP per capita | Representing the level of economic development | 104 yuan | |
P | Population | The total population of each province | 104 | |
TE | Technology | Total number of patents | unit |