SI No. | Tests | Phases of research | Tactics |
1 | Construct validity or dependability (identification of correct operational measures for the concepts studied) | Data collection | 1) Data triangulation: multiple source of evidences, i.e. NGTs method for personal interviews. 2) Plurality: multiple NGTs and multiple personal interviews. 3) Methodological triangulation: comparing transcribed data with audio recorded data. |
2 | Internal validity (seeking to establish causal relationship) | Data analysis | 1) Pattern matching: having constant comparison among NGT information and personal discussion information 2) Explanation building: constructing an initial theoretical statement, revisiting the theoretical statement and comparing the other details. Repeating the process until no further change was possible with the given information. |
3 | Reliability (dependability) | Research design | Deriving theoretical statement and structural framework from first round of NGTs and personal interviews, and testing the theoretical statement and the structural framework in the second round of NGTs |