| Initial internationalization modes―frequencies | |||
| Modes of operations | Responses | Percentage of cases | |
| Number | Percentage | ||
| Exports | 63 | 55.3% | 88.7% |
| Agency | 32 | 28.1% | 45.1% |
| Franchisee | 3 | 2.6% | 4.2% |
| Branch office | 5 | 4.4% | 7.0% |
| FDI | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Joint venture | 3 | 2.6% | 4.2% |
| Strategic alliances | 6 | 5.3% | 8.5% |
| Green-field expansion | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Acquisition | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Other modes | 2 | 1.8% | 2.8% |
| Total | 114 | 100.0% | 160.6% |