Variable

H0: non-stationary in levels

H0: non-stationary in first differences

ADF Statistic

PP Statistic

ADF Statistic

PP Statistic

ZARx

−2.368474

(0.1526)

−2.189706

(0.2111)

−9.543690

(0.0000)

−9.6028098

(0.0000)

R

−2.576603

(0.1004)

−2.245155

(0.1916)

−7.242216

(0.0000)

−6.939448

(0.0000)

SAp

−4.999880

(0.0000)

−6.356241

(0.0000)

−4.528673

(0.0003)

−4.344445

(0.0006)

Ygap

−4.367293

(0.0005)

−3.590699

(0.0072)

−5.821270

(0.0000)

−8.095603

(0.0000)

FedR

−3.639130

(0.0062)

−2.824355

(0.0575)

−8.457080

(0.0000)

−8.725219

(0.0000)