No	Authors-Date	Study type	Participants	Diadetes Outcome			Spirituality/Religiosity Questionnaire
1	Samuel-Hodge et al., 2000 .	Qualitative	70 Southern African-American women.	Focus group interviews.			This shared social context is linked to disease management such that instead of educational interventions targeting the family member with diabetes, they are directed at relationships within the family structure.
2	Daaleman, Kuckelman Cobb, & Frey, 2001 .	Qualitative	35 women.	Focus groups interviews.			Interrelationships existed among the categories of patient-reported spirituality, with spirituality being a core component of well-being.
3	Grey, Berry, Davidson, Galasso, Gustafson, & Melkus, 2004	Prospective cohort	41 participants.	BMI, HbA1c, CDI		HBQ	Spirituality ratio increased along with variables of glycemic control.
4	Iwasaki et al., 2005 .	Qualitative	26 Aboriginal participants.	Focus groups interviews.			Spirituality needs to be embedded in diabetes healthcare practice.
5	Devlin et al., 2006 .	Qualitative	80 middle-aged native American tribes sample.	Focus groups interviews.			Spirituality shaped diabetes experiences and self-care practices in all four populations.
6	Polzer & Miles, 2007 .	Qualitative	22 African Americans.	Minimally structured interviews.			This study brings forth an expanded view of the relationship between God and participants, as it describes not only the expectations of God but also those of the men and women with diabetes as they worked together in self-management.
7	Arcury et al., 2007 .	Cross-sectional	701 community-dwelling elders.	SF-12/CES-D	Private Religious Practices.		Variation in participation in public religious practice among rural older adults is related to physical health and functional status, along with religiosity, while private religious practice among these rural elders is related to personal characteristics and religiosity.
8	Newlin et al., 2008 .	Cross-sectional	109 Black females.	HbA1c/DSSS /Diabetes-specific emotional distress.	SWBS-EWB.		Spirituality has not contributed much to the model of diabetes control.
9	Cattich & Knudson-Martin, 2009 .	Qualitative	20 heterosexual couples.	Semi-structured interviews.			Religious coping helps when there is a strong bonding between the couple.
10	Newlin et al., 2010 .	Cross-sectional	45 Black females.	CES-D	SWBS		The existential component of spiritual well-being demonstrated an ameliorative relation to mental health.
11	Casarez et al., 2010 .	Qualitative	18 African American men and women and be aged 40 years and older.	In-depth interviews.			Spirituality provides support for people dealing with chronic illnesses.
12	How et al., 2011 .	Cross-sectional	212 patients.	Latest three fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and HbA1c.	BV		Those with higher religiosity amongst the Moslem population had significantly better glycaemic control. Patients who had church-going religions had better glycaemic control compared with those of other religions.
13	Unantenne et al., 2013 .	Qualitative	69 people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.	In-depth interviews with open-ended questions.			The resulting emphasis on relationship to God, to others and to self may have important health consequences especially with regard to coping with chronic illness.