1st Stage Results

Column I

Instrument: Mother education

Column II

Instrument: Father education

Coeff.

Coeff.

Instrument

0.013 (0.564)

0.244 (0.110)

2nd Stage Results

Dep. Variable:

math-reading ratio

Dep. Variable:

math-reading ratio

Ind. Variables

Coeff.

Coeff.

Hours of Sport (IV)

0.001 (0.876)

0.004 (0.132)

Mother Education

0.001 (0.988)

Father Education

0.001 (0.776)

Father Occupation

−0.012 (0.234)

−0.041 (0.229)

Mother Occupation

0.021 (0.698)

0.011 (0.432)

Month of Birth

0.013 (0.999)

0.022 (0.444)

Nationality

0.012*** (0.010)

0.028*** (0.000)

Region

−0.022 (0.020)

−0.014 (0.020)

Observations

933

933