Student’s self edu. confidence (High)

−0.14** (0.05)

−0.12** (0.05)

School-Level Predictor

School type (Private)

0.60** * (0.17)

−0.07** (0.03)

−0.04^NS (0.03)

School type (Madrasah)

−0.61*** (0.18)

−0.04^NS (0.03)

−0.03^NS (0.02)

Teacher’s belief (Medium)

0.06** (0.02)

Teacher’s belief (High)

0.05* (0.03)

School location urban

0.03^NS (0.02)

School location sub-urban

−0.02^NS (0.02)

Required time for homework

−0.04* (0.02)

School academic atmos. (students) (Medi.)

0.36*** (0.05)

School academic atmos. (students) (High)

0.42*** (0.07)

School academic atmos. (teachers) (Medi)

0.06** (0.03)

School academic atmos. (teachers) (High)

−0.00^NS (0.04)

Random part

²Estimate

²Estimate

²Estimate

²Estimate

Variance within the school, ${\sigma }_e^2$

0.56

0.56

0.06

0.060

Intercept-variance between schools, ${\sigma }_{u0}^2$

0.54

0.28

0.01

0.001

Explained variance at student-level, $R_1^2$

0.00

0%

89%

89%

Explained variance at school-level, $R_2^2$

0.00

48%

98%

100%

Intra-class correlation coefficient, ρ(ICC)

49%

33%

14%

02%

Deviance = −2 Log-Likelihood

2946

2919

42.41

−36.83