Plant response | Tissue/response availability | Molecular effectors/responders | Functions | References |
Phototropism | Root − Shoot + | PHOT1, PHOT2, NPH1, NPH3, RPT2, ARF7, ARF8, IAA19/MSG2, GH3, SAUR gene families, SCF-TIR1, ABCB19 and AUX1, CRY1, and CRY2, PKS1, PKS2, and PKS4, ABP1 and TIR1/AFB receptors, TSI, DFL1, PHYA, CUL3, EHB1, RCN1 | Establishment of auxin gradient; Cell wall loosening and cell elongation; Anisotropic growth | [1] [14] [20] - [30] |
Gravitropism | Root + Shoot − | Amyloplasts, actin, Ca2+ ions, Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), Changes in pH due to fluxes in protons (H+), PIN family, ARG1, SGRs, SUPO1, MIPS1, PIPs, DAG, AUX/ LAX influx carrier, AGR/PIN, MDR-like efflux carrier, GRV2, ZIG, ARL2, GPS, ТОС132, ТОС75, ACTIN2, FtsZ3, ADK1, ROS, MAPK, PGM1, LPA1, PPLA-I, WAV3, ACS7, EHB1 | Regulation of auxin transportation; signal amplification; Anisotropic growth | [3] [8] [19] [20] [21] [23] [28] [31] - [39] |
Thigmotropism | Root + Shoot + | TCH1, TCH2, TCH3, TCH4, PID, Calmodulin protein, Ca2+ | Regulation of phosphorylation; breaking of xyloglucan chain; loosening of the cell wall; regulation of PIN efflux regulators; Regulation of auxin transportation; Anisotropic growth | [23] [24] [32] [40] |
Hydrotropism | Root + Shoot − | Calcium ion, NHR1, RHY4 | Water potential gradient development; Regulation of auxin transportation; Anisotropic growth | [41] [42] |