Mode of delivery

Internal motivation

External motivation

Task values

Control beliefs

Self-efficacy

Overall

Live listening class

3.880

3.176

3.864

3.833

3.529

3.656

Remote asynchronous live streaming class

3.813

3.290

3.810

3.743

3.510

3.633

Remote asynchronous video class

3.956

2.765

4.147

3.794

3.681

3.669