| Study design | Setting | Number of studies | |
| Hospital-based | Community/population-based | ||
| Case-control | - | 2 | 2 |
| Cross-sectional | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| Cohort | - | 1 | 1 |
| Cross-sectional time-series | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Case-findings approach | 2 | - | 2 |
| Literature review | - | - | 1 |
| Total | 7 | 15 | 23 |