Stage

Singapore

Germany

Stage I

Labor-intensive industries such as clothing, textiles, toys, wood products and wigs (1960s)

Capital and technology-intensive industries such as electronics and chemicals (1945-1970)

Stage II

Skills and capital-intensive industries such as petroleum smelting, chemical industry, warehousing, precision engineering (1970-1980)

New economic industries such as computers and information technology (1990s)

Stage III

Emerging industries such as high-end electronic information industry, pharmaceutical, life sciences and environmental protection (1990 to present)

Renewable energy field and new energy development field (2000 to present)