Treatment

Plant parts

Endosulfan alpha (µg/kg)

Endosulfan beta(µg/kg)

Total endosulfan

(alpha + beta)

(µg/kg)

Concentration of

Endosulfan inside the plant (µg/kg)

Percentage taken up by the plant (%)

Alpinia calcarata

(Phytoremediation)

Root

202.01 ± 0.59

95.09 ± 0.93

297.10 ± 1.27

916.18

80.38

Shoot

314.46 ± 0.58

171.22 ± 1.13

485.68 ± 1.48

Leaves

120.51 ± 0.38

12.89 ± 0.73

133.40 ± 0.99

Alpinia calcarata

(Nanophytoremediation)

Root

25.89 ± 0.80

20.74 ± 0.16

46.63 ± 0.69

231.93

20.35

Shoot

152.69 ± 0.40

32.61 ± 0.20

185.3 ± 0.47

Leaves

BDL

BDL

BDL

Cymbopogan citrates

(Phytoremediation)

Root

215.41 ± 0.94

124.13 ± 1.21

339.54 ± 1.93

708.17

62.13

Shoot

111.86 ± 0.66

108.63 ± 0.45

220.49 ± 1.02

Leaves

80.60 ± 0.92

67.54 ± 2.10

148.14 ± 2.87

Cymbopogan citrates

(Nanophytoremediation)

Root

83.75 ± 1.64

19.72 ± 0.41

103.47 ± 1.25

112.11

9.84

Shoot

BDL

BDL

BDL

Leaves

3.04 ± 0.16

5.60 ± 0.56

8.64 ± 0.50

Ocimum sanctum

(Phytoremediation)

Root

15.90 ± 0.74

144.37 ± 0.74

160.27 ± 0.90

160.27

14.06

Shoot

BDL

BDL

BDL

Leaves

BDL

BDL

BDL

Ocimum sanctum

(Nanophytoremediation)

Root

11.48 ± 0.99

127.70 ± 1.99

139.18 ± 1.75

139.18

12.21

Shoot

BDL

BDL

BDL

Leaves

BDL

BDL

BDL