Middle school students (n = 120)

Pre-service teachers (n = 60)

Pre

Post

t

sig

Pre

Post

t

sig

Interest in learning science

3.69 (0.42)

3.63 (0.38)

−1.007

0.319

3.58 (0.29)

3.57 (0.41)

−0.127

0.90

Desire to use ICT

3.15 (0.46)

3.16 (0.55)

0.118

0.907

2.90 (0.51)

3.30 (0.50)

4.06

0.001*

Self-efficacy to learn science

2.62 (0.76)

2.92 (0.68)

2.889

0.006*

2.46 (0.39)

2.30 (0.41)

−1.12

0.27