| Middle school students (n = 120) | Pre-service teachers (n = 60) | ||||||
Pre | Post | t | sig | Pre | Post | t | sig | |
Interest in learning science | 3.69 (0.42) | 3.63 (0.38) | −1.007 | 0.319 | 3.58 (0.29) | 3.57 (0.41) | −0.127 | 0.90 |
Desire to use ICT | 3.15 (0.46) | 3.16 (0.55) | 0.118 | 0.907 | 2.90 (0.51) | 3.30 (0.50) | 4.06 | 0.001* |
Self-efficacy to learn science | 2.62 (0.76) | 2.92 (0.68) | 2.889 | 0.006* | 2.46 (0.39) | 2.30 (0.41) | −1.12 | 0.27 |