INTAKE RESPONSE ACTIVITIES | Devise activities which help the learners to articulate and develop their mental representations of the text. | Learning is facilitated by starting positively from what the learners do know and understand. | To encourage learners to process their representations of a text rather than the text itself and to encourage them to be relaxed and confident in their response to text. |
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES | Devise activities which help the learners to use their representations of the text as a basis for language production activities. | Mental connections facilitate learning. | To help learners to express themselves in the target language intelligently and creatively. |
INPUT RESPONSE ACTIVITIES | Devise activities which help the learners to go back to the text and to discover patterns and regularities of language use in the text. | A good time to analyze a text is just after and enjoyable multidimensional experience of it. Helping learners to make discoveries for themselves can be an effective way of promoting long-term learning. | To get the learners to develop their analytical skills and their ability to make discoveries about the use of the target language themselves. |
TRAILLING | Try out the materials with a typical target class. | Matching materials to learner needs and wants is an ongoing process. | To find out how usable and motivating materials are. |
EVALUATION | Use questionnaires, interviews and analysis of the learner’s work to find out what effect the materials had on the learners. | Giving learners a chance to evaluate their learning process can not only provide useful information but can also motivate and stimulate learners. | To show learners they are respected and to find out what effect the materials had on them. |
REVISION | Produce and improved version of the materials. | Materials developers and teachers need constantly to improve their materials to achieve a closer match with learner needs and wants. | To match the needs and wants of the learners. |