| Problem Area | Remarks |
| Hubble Tension | 4 σ - 6σ Possible Modeling or Systematic Error or failure in Lambda CDM, Possible error in Standardising candles |
| Lensing Anomaly | Possible Systematic Error/Positive Curvature/Closed Universe |
| Accelerated Expansion | Astrophysical Observations/Possibly New Explanations |
| CDM | Theoretical necessity (CMB observations) |
| Dark Matter | Theoretical necessity/Astrophysical Observations |
| Dark Energy | Theoretical Necessity/Astrophysical Observations |
| Inflation | Patchwork to SMC based on CMB and Astrophysical Observations/Debatable. Needs explanations and more evidence |
| Conformal Cyclic Cosmology | Alternative to inflation/Mathematically and aesthetically appealing/Needs more evidence and theoretical work |
| Giant Arc | New Explanations needed |
| Lepton Universality Violation | New Explanations needed |
| Energy Density ~0 (>0) | New Explanations needed |
| Critical Mass Density (~1) | New Explanations needed |