Correlation coefficient (R)

Determination

coefficient (R²)

Adjusted

coefficient (R²)

F

B

β

(standardization)

VIF

Teaching design

0.923

0.852

0.852

1300.235***

0.877

0.923

1

Academic emotion

0.896

0.803

0.803

919.379***

0.706

0.896

1

Online course characteristics

0.852

0.726

0.725

597.393***

0.601

0.852

1

External support

0.627

0.393

0.391

145.841***

0.576

0.627

1

Online interaction

0.522

0.273

0.269

84.33***

0.438

0.522

1