Sperm morphology (%)

Semen collection techniques

AV

EE

Viability

Live

72.0 ± 21.0^a

69.0 ± 17.8^b

Dead

30.5 ± 12.8^a

35.2 ± 6.8^b

Live sperm abnormalities

Head

4.2 ± 3.7^a

6.8 ± 4.5^a

Mid-piece

3.8 ± 2.8^a

6.8 ± 5.3^a

Tail

2.3 ± 1.7^a

2.3 ± 1.6^a