Assessment Items

Recognition

Implementation

t value¹⁾

p value²⁾

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Total score

3.5

0.4

1.5

0.5

54.4

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Factor 1: Patient’s oral health status

3.4

0.5

1.5

0.5

51.4

^**

Bleeding during toothbrushing

3.5

0.6

1.5

0.7

42.8

^**

Abscess on gingiva

3.4

0.6

1.4

0.7

42.6

^**

Awareness of halitosis

3.3

0.7

1.4

0.7

40.8

^**

Dentures (partial or full)

3.6

0.5

2.3

1.1

20.6

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Biting firmly on molar or dentures

3.3

0.6

1.3

0.6

44.8

^**

Checking the patient’s inside of mouth

3.6

0.6

1.6

0.8

41.1

^**

Counting the patient’s total number of teeth (dentures, bridges and implants are excluded)

3.0

0.8

1.2

0.5

40.4

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Factor 2: Patient’s implementation of oral health behaviors

3.4

0.5

1.5

0.6

48.0

^**

Toothbrushing around the border between the teeth and marginal gingiva

3.4

0.6

1.3

0.6

44.2

^**

Toothbrushing one by one very carefully

3.3

0.6

1.3

0.7

43.0

^**

Supplementary tools (e.g., interdental brush, dental floss)

3.3

0.7

1.4

0.7

39.0

^**

Checking the one’s inside of mouth (teeth, gums, buccal mucosa, and tongues) with a mirror by oneself

3.3

0.6

1.3

0.6

45.0

^**

Experience being given dentists’ instructions for brushing

3.4

0.6

1.5

0.8

37.4

^**

Dental visiting more than once a year

3.7

0.5

1.9

1.0

31.1

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Factor 3: Patient’s information transmission regarding dental visits

3.5

0.5

1.6

0.7

42.5

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Showing medicine information-sharing notebook to the dentist

3.5

0.6

1.6

0.9

36.0

^**

Showing diabetes information-sharing notebook to the dentist

3.6

0.6

1.7

1.0

34.9

^**

Showing self-monitoring blood glucose notebook to the dentist

3.3

0.7

1.5

0.8

35.8

^**

Telling dental treatment to the diabetes doctor

3.6

0.6

1.7

0.9

34.1

^**

Telling dental treatment to the diabetes nurse

3.4

0.6

1.4

0.8

38.8

^**

Factor 4: Patient’s perceptions and knowledge of oral health behaviors

3.7

0.4

1.7

0.7

44.2

^**

Perceptions of one’s oral health status

3.6

0.5

1.6

0.7

43.5

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Perceptions of oral care efficacy regardless of timing of care initiation

3.5

0.6

1.5

0.7

42.3

^**

Knowledge of a relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease including diabetes

3.8

0.4

2.0

1.0

32.1

^**