Paths

Direct action effect

Indirect acting effect

Total acting effect

Intermediate variable

Mediating effect in total effect (%)

Ratio of indirect effect to direct effect

mark → y1

0.1186***

0.1149***

0.2336***

gdp

49.20***

0.9686

fin → y1

0.2053

1.4499**

1.2446**

116.50**

7.0622

open → y1

0.5333***

−1.3918***

−0.8586***

162.11***

2.61

inf → y1

0.149

1.2068***

1.3559***

89.01***

8.0968

med → y1

0.7300*

2.5845***

3.3143***

77.98***

3.5416

edu → y1

0.5084***

1.2545***

1.7629***

71.16***

2.4672

cul → y1

0.4880*

0.9523***

1.4402***

66.12***

1.9514

pol → y1

0.2001

1.0542***

1.2543***

84.05***

5.2683

mark → y1

0.2127***

0.0208*

0.2336***

tfp

8.93*

0.098

fin → y1

0.3422

0.9024*

1.2446*

72.50*

2.6368

open → y1

−0.7135***

0.145

−0.8586***

16.89

0.2033

inf → y1

1.0415***

0.3143

1.3559***

23.18

0.3018

med → y1

3.4246***

0.1103

3.3143***

3.33

0.0322

edu → y1

1.5256***

0.2373

1.7629***

13.46

0.1555

cul → y1

1.6440***

0.2038

1.4402***

14.15

0.1239

pol → y1

0.9450**

0.3094

1.2543***

24.66

0.3274