Pore water sediments

48.92

Batch experiment (pH: 7.22 - 8.56)

sediment

Water

9.4 × 10⁴ - 8.5 × 10⁵

(Lin et al., 2017a)

diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) technique

Plated soils (10 g/kg sewage sludge)

Water

766.4 - 320.2

(Mohseni et al., 2020)

Plated soils (10 g/kg sewage sludge)

979.7 - 1814.

Batch experiment (solid-solution ratio: 3:30; pH (5.1 to 7.9); contact time: 24 h; 20˚C)

Soils (mono metal sorption system)

7.3 - 1699.6

28.1 - 2224.8 mg/L

(Shaheen et al., 2015)

Soils in competitive sorption system)

3.1 - 1588.3

Review report

Soils (mono metal sorption system)

12.4 - 4885.5

(Shaheen et al., 2013)

Soils in competitive sorption system)

9.6 - 7334.8

Batch desorption method (solid-solution ratio: 3:30; alkaline (pH 7.87), acidic (pH 4.95); contact time: 24 h; 20˚C)

Amended Alfisol1

Water

59.4 - 125

50 - 300 mg/L

(Shaheen et al., 2018)

Amended Alfisol2

137.5 - 187.5

Amended Alfisol3

293.8 - 475

Amended Entisol1

2.3 - 8.7

Amended Entisol2

70.9 - 1.6

Amended Entisol3

17.4 - 21.7

Batch equilibrium adsorption experiment (solid-solution ratio: 2:20; pH: 6.5; contact time: 24 h)

Topsoil (A horizon, 0 - 20 cm)

Deionized water

5 - 123849

(Soares et al., 2021)

Batch equilibrium adsorption experiment (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 2 - 9; contact time: 24 h)

control soil

Water

1.7 - 3993.1

(Tahervand & Jalali, 2017)

bentonite-amended soil

7.6 - 4760.0

calcite-amended soil

12.5 - 10637.6

zeolite-amended soil

7.9 - 7655.1

Batch equilibrium adsorption experiment (solid-solution ratio: 2:50; contact time: 24 h)

Acidic soil (pH: 4 - 7)

Water

32 - 2345

0.05 - 10 meq/L

(Venegas et al., 2015)

Treated soil

2.0 - 2660