Experimental conditions

Sorbing materials

Aquatic medium

K_d Values (L/Kg)

Metal initial concentration

References

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 01:10; pH: (7.4 - 8.6); contact time: 24 h)

Untreated soils

Water

363.1 - 4885.5

0.5 - 6.0 mmol/L

(Antoniadis et al., 2018)

CaCO₃-removed soils

13 - 143.2

Oxides-removed soils

3.1 - 126.5

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: (4.80 - 7.50); contact time: 6 days at 25˚C)

Soil (Mono-metal Experiment)

Water

0.8

0 - 100 mg/L

(Oladipupo Azeez et al., 2018)

Soil (Multi-metal Experiment)

0.71

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 0.1:0.05; pH: (6 - 7.88); contact time: (1 - 48 h) at 20˚C

Untreated soil

Water

280 - 5560

10 - 120 mg/L

(Azouzi et al., 2015)

OM-removed soil

4060 - 13,580

Untreated

12,450 - 166,160

Untreated soil

860 - 5870

OM-removed

190 - 610

Untreated soil

4810 - 11,730

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 5; contact time: 6 h)

Soil

Water

84.9 - 1630

10 - 200 mg/L

(Baghenejad et al., 2016)

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 0.4:40; pH: 5; contact time: 6 h)

Shekarbani soil series

Water

6 - 1275

20 - 2000 mg/L

(Baghernejad et al., 2014)

Sepidan soil series

39 - 5108

K_d values were calculated directly from the retardation factor (R) and soil properties.

loamy sand media

400

Mean C₀ (μg/L)-(68)

(Behbahani et al., 2020)

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 7.5 - 8.55; contact time: 8 h)

River sediments (BRS1)

Milli-Q water

0.64

(Borah et al., 2018)

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: 5.5 - 6.0; contact time: 24 h)

Soil

Water

1.4 - 7933

1000-mg·L⁻¹

(Braz et al., 2013)

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: 7.4; contact time: 72 h)

aquifer sediments

Water

114 - 5633

(Jakomin et al., 2015)

131 - 10,160

Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 2:24)

Soil

Water

19.9 - 7739.3

0.04 - 1.13 mmol/l

(Kim, 2014)

Batch experiment (pH: 7.99 - 8.35)

Surface water sediments

Water

61.7

(Liao et al., 2021)