Experimental conditions | Sorbing materials | Aquatic medium | Kd Values (L/Kg) | Metal initial concentration | References |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1: 10; pH: (4.80 - 7.50); contact time: 6 days at 25˚C) | Soil (Mono-metal Experiment) | Water | 0.61 | 0 - 100 mg/L | |
Soil (Multi-metal Experiment) | 0.44 | ||||
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1: 20; pH: 5; contact time: 6 h) | Soil | Water | 15.9 - 932 | 10 - 200 mg/L | |
Kd values were calculated directly from the retardation factor (R) and soil properties. | loamy sand media | 300 | Mean C0 (μg/L)-(0.4) | | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 5: 45; contact time: 72 h) | Artificial soil (AS) | 17.9 - 189.8 | 0.2 mg/ml | | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: 5.5 - 6.0; contact time: 24 h) | Soil | Water | 6 - 2471.9 | 1000-mg·L−1 | |
Batch competitive sorption method (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 3-7; contact time: 30 - 1440 min; 26˚C) | Untreated soil | Water | 0 - 0.02 | (200 mg/L) | |
IO-removed soil | 0 - 1.85 | ||||
OM-removed soil | 0.01 - 1.2 | ||||
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: 7.4; contact time: 72 h) | Aquifer sediments | Water | 44 - 1197 | | |
Batch desorption method (solid-solution ratio: 5:25; pH: 7.4; contact time: 48 h; 25˚C) | Surface soil | Water | 60 - 395 | | |
Surface soil | 19 - 13921 | ||||
Surface soil | 97 - 425 | ||||
Surface soil | 21 - 430 | ||||
Batch desorption method (solid-solution ratio: 2:50; pH: 5; contact time: 22 h; 25˚C) | Soil (single metal systems) | Water | 90 - 184.5 | | |
Soil (binary metal systems) | 85.84 - 110.5 | ||||
Batch adsorption method (solid-solution ratio: 2:24; pH: 1.2 - 8.8; contact time: 4 h; 28˚C) | Soil | Water | 21.1 - 1049.8 | 0.04 - 1.13 mmol/l | |