Variable type

Variable name

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Coefficient

Standard deviation

Coefficient

Standard error

Coefficient

Standard error

Social capital

Social trust

0.330***

0.126

0.269**

0.116

0.226*

0.119

Social network

0.054***

0.020

0.045**

0.018

0.056***

0.019

Social participation

2.701***

0.512

2.042***

0.450

2.219***

0.465

Personal and family characteristics

Age

−0.009

0.007

−0.009

0.006

−0.004

0.006

Gender

0.169

0.155

0.273*

0.144

0.228

0.147

Years of Education

0.034

0.024

0.022

0.021

0.022

0.022

Village cadre or not?

1.744***

0.550

0.749**

0.375

1.052***

0.410

Physical fitness level

−0.063

0.088

The share of household income from agriculture

0.458

0.328

0.194

0.214

0.381

0.272

Psychological cognition

The importance of participating in villager autonomy

0.267***

0.093

0.191**

0.087

0.237***

0.089

Village characteristics

Village collective annual income

0.012

0.009

0.014*

0.008

0.010

0.008

Total expenditure on village-level public services

0.005***

0.002

−0.000

0.001

0.005***

0.002

Village type

0.047

0.062

0.202***

0.060

0.188***

0.058

Present situation of village public goods supply

The number of bus routes to the village

−0.225***

0.070

At present, there are several clinics in the village

0.024

0.026

Does the village promote the use of clean energy

−0.067

0.152

Regional dummy variable

East or not?

−1.425***

0.181

−1.171***

0.170

−1.517***

0.182

West or not?

0.716***

0.250

0.091

0.208

0.092

0.214

Constant

−1.588**

0.683

−1.566**

0.731

−2.056***

0.653

Prob > chi2

0.000

0.000

0.000

Pseudo R²

0.185

0.120

0.154