Qualitative Improvement of data

Model 2-1

Model 2-2

Model 2-3

Model 2-4

Net sales

0.000

0.000*

0.000

0.000**

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

R&D expenses

0.000

0.000*

0.000

0.000**

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

Listed dummy

−0.187**

−0.062

0.000

−0.010

(0.075)

(0.054)

(0.058)

(0.052)

Manufacturing industry dummy

−0.326***

−0.133**

−0.195***

−0.130**

(0.088)

(0.064)

(0.067)

(0.061)

Number of patents held

0.069*

0.055*

0.019

0.035

(0.039)

(0.028)

(0.030)

(0.027)

Person in charge dummy

0.428***

0.084

0.074

0.019

(0.071)

(0.054)

(0.058)

(0.052)

Presence of data acquisition project

0.504***

0.002

0.075

−0.051

(0.101)

(0.077)

(0.081)

(0.073)

System deployment

0.751***

0.516***

(0.036)

(0.048)

Acquisition of skills and knowledge

0.607***

0.296**

(0.034)

(0.042)

Observations

487

Adjusted R2

0.245

0.237

0.222

0.272

*p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Values in parentheses: SE

Created by author