Variablesa |
| Big 4 CPA firms | Non-Big 4 CPA firms | ||
Pred. Sign | Coef. | t-valueb | Coef. | t-value | |
CONSTANT |
| 2.4496 | 3.67*** | 2.6506 | 3.98*** |
DME | + | 0.1286 | 2.65*** | 0.0260 | 0.62 |
SIZE | +/− | −0.1888 | −6.02*** | −0.1058 | −2.97*** |
DE | +/− | −0.7066 | −2.85*** | −0.3349 | −1.45 |
ROA | +/− | 0.9250 | 0.91 | 0.7782 | 1.04 |
DP | +/− | −0.0007 | −3.90*** | −0.0778 | −1.68* |
BHold | +/− | 0.1420 | 0.75 | 0.2889 | 0.91 |
MHold | +/− | 0.9886 | 1.02 | −1.5913 | −1.42 |
PDM | +/− | −0.4764 | −2.54** | −0.3778 | −1.37 |
AGE | +/− | −0.0069 | −3.51*** | −0.0058 | −1.36 |
Foreign | +/− | 1.5949 | 4.41*** | −0.0185 | −0.05 |
Public | +/− | 3.4823 | 2.7*** | 1.2354 | 3.43*** |
Adj. R2 |
| 20.54% |
|
| |
N |
| 947 |
| 120 |
|