| Pane A: Distribution of Big 4 CPA firms and corporate governance evaluation system (CGES) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Types of CPA firmsb CGESa | Big 4 | Non- Big 4 | Total | Deloitte | PWC | KPMG | EY | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 53 (4.97%) | 14 (1.31%) | 67 (6.28%) | 22 (2.32%) | 14 (1.48%) | 9 (0.95%) | 8 (0.84%) | 53 (5.60%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 146 (13.68%) | 32 (3.00%) | 178 (16.68%) | 62 (6.55%) | 30 (3.17%) | 40 (4.22%) | 14 (1.48%) | 146 (15.42%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 106 (9.93%) | 19 (1.78%) | 125 (11.72%) | 46 (4.86%) | 19 (2.01%) | 22 (2.32%) | 19 (2.01%) | 106 (11.19%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 133 (12.46%) | 27 (2.53%) | 160 (15.00%) | 57 (6.02%) | 30 (3.17%) | 33 (3.48%) | 13 (1.37%) | 133 (14.04%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 147 (13.78%) | 17 (1.59%) | 164 (15.37%) | 62 (6.55%) | 29 (3.06%) | 37 (3.91%) | 19 (2.01%) | 147 (15.52%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 153 (14.34%) | 4 (0.37%) | 157 (14.71%) | 65 (6.86%) | 47 (4.96%) | 25 (2.64%) | 16 (1.69%) | 153 (16.16%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 157 (14.71%) | 7 (0.66%) | 164 (15.37%) | 51 (5.39%) | 45 (4.75%) | 43 (4.54%) | 18 (1.90%) | 157 (16.58%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 52 (4.87%) | 0 (0.00%) | 52 (4.87%) | 21 (2.22%) | 12 (1.27%) | 15 (1.58%) | 4 (0.42%) | 52 (5.49%) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 947 (88.75%) | 120 (11.25%) | 1067 (100%) | 386 (40.76%) | 226 (23.86%) | 224 (23.65%) | 111 (11.72%) | 947 (100.00%) | |||||||||||||||||
| Pane B: Distribution of corporate governance evaluation system (CGES) and types of conglomerate control | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CGES Types of conglomerate control | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Government control | 1 (0.09%) | 2 (0.19%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (0.56%) | 7 (0.66%) | 7 (0.66%) | 2 (0.19%) | 25 (2.34%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Single family business control | 38 (3.56%) | 120 (11.25%) | 84 (7.87%) | 97 (9.09%) | 94 (8.81%) | 94 (8.81%) | 84 (7.87%) | 20 (1.87%) | 631 (59.14%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Manager governance | 17 (1.59%) | 38 (3.56%) | 26 (2.44%) | 38 (3.56%) | 44 (4.12%) | 44 (4.12%) | 56 (5.25%) | 26 (2.44%) | 289 (27.09%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Co-governance | 11 (1.03%) | 18 (1.69%) | 15 (1.41%) | 25 (2.34%) | 20 (1.87%) | 12 (1.12%) | 17 (1.59%) | 4 (0.37%) | 122 (11.43%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 67 (6.28%) | 178 (16.68%) | 125 (11.72%) | 160 (15.00%) | 164 (15.37%) | 157 (14.71%) | 164 (15.37%) | 53 (4.97%) | 1067 (100%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pane C: Distribution of types of conglomerate control and Big 4 CPA firms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Types of conglomerate control Types of CPA firms | Government control | Single family business control | Manager governance | Co-governance | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Big4 | 24 (2.25%) | 546 (51.17%) | 271 (25.40%) | 106 (9.93%) | 947 (88.75%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Big4 | 1 (0.09%) | 85 (7.97%) | 18 (1.69%) | 16 (1.50%) | 120 (11.25%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 25 (2.34%) | 631 (59.14%) | 289 (27.09%) | 122 (11.43%) | 1067 (100%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pane D: Distribution of dual-signature requirement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dual-signature requirement | Change of lead CPA | Non-change of lead CPA | Total | Change of concurring CPA | Non-change of concurring CPA | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 87 (8.15%) | 980 (91.85%) | 1067 (100%) | 69 (6.47%) | 998 (93.53%) | 1067 (100%) | |||||||||||||||||||