Authors (years)

Period of study

Country

Number of serum samples tested

Clinical Symptoms

Fetal Effects

[53]

1999-2004

Sendai, Japan

478

100 pregnant women had been exposed to B19 (21%)

49 51

Symptomatic Asymptomatic

Facial Rasch (51%) (25/49)

Most common Infection

Children living at home

Hydrops fetalis et fetal death

7% (7/100)

>20 weeks

[54]

2005-2010

Bologna, Italy

72

68 pregnant women had been exposed to B19 (94.1%)

29 39

Symptomatic Asymptomatic

Rash, fever and polyarthralgia

(79.3%) 23/29

- 10.2% fetal deaths

- 11.9% Hydrops fetalis

[7]

2004

Stuttgart, Germany

1018

-

- 6.3% fetal deaths (64/1018)

- 3.9% Hydrops fetalis (40/1018)

[55]

1985-1988 and

1992-1995

London

420 pregnant women with B19 infection

-

fetal loss averaged 9%

[56]

2010

Germany

236 pregnant women with B19 infection

-

- 18.8% fetal loss (8/236)

- 23.6% Hydrops fetalis (10/236)

[57]

2014

Paris, France

-

-

20 cases of congenital parvovirus B19 Infection (1/20) (neonatal death)