Reference	Area(s) of burnout focus	Key findings
West, CP, Dyrbye LN et al. Interventions to prevent and reduce physician burnout: A systemic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. September 28, 2016.	Physicians, individual and organizational interventions	Individual and organizational strategies can result in clinically meaningful reduction of burnout in physicians. Further research suggested as to how to combine interventions and what most effective in certain populations.
Panagioti M, Panagopoulou E et al. Controlled Interventions to r Reduce Burnout in Physicians. A systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. December 5, 2016 E 1-E 11.	Physicians, individual and organizational interventions	Organization-directed interventions associated with higher treatment effects than individually directed interventions. However, acknowledge diverse interventions and settings.
DeChant PF, Acs A et al. Effect of Organization-Directed Workplace Interventions on Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review. Mayo Clinic. Proc. December 2019 3(4): 384-408.	Physicians organizational interventions	Organizational interventions targeted to improve process, team-based care, use of scribes/medical assistants to complete documentation and tasks had largest benefits.
Shanafelt TD, Noseworthy JH. Executive Leadership and Physician Wellbeing; Nine Organizational Strategies to Promote Engagement and Reduce Burnout. Mayo Clin Proc. January 2017; 92(1): 129-146.	Physicians. Leadership led organizational strategies	Nine organizational strategies summarized and how to operationalize individually, at work unit, at organizational and addressing issues nationally.
Carayon P, Cassel C, Dzau, VJ. Improving the System to Support Clinician Well-being and Provide Better Patient Care. JAMA December 10, 2019. Vol. 322 (22): 2165-2166.	All clinicians. System improvements	Create positive work environments, learning environments, reduce administrative burden, enable technological solutions, support to clinicians and students, and invest in research.
Nowrouzi B, Lightfoot N et al. Occupational stress management and Burnout. Interventions in Nursing and their implications for healthy work environments. Workplace Health and Safety. July 2015 63(7): 308-315.	Nurses. Quality of Work Life (QWL) Workplace interventions	Person-directed and organization-directed prevention measures expected to prevent burnout and improve workers’ mental health.
Shanafelt TD, Ripp J, et al. Caring for healthcare workers during crisis. Creating a resilient organization. American Medical Association. 5 May 8, 2020. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/sustainability/creating-resilient-organization-health-care-workers-during	All healthcare workers. Organizational steps before during and after crisis to reduce trauma. Help coping	Pre-existing institutional supports that should be in place, being aware of stresses, the stress injury, stress first aid of basic needs, psychosocial and mental health support, and enhance communications. Organizational assisting in recovery aids to support copping and recovery.
National Academy of Medicine Action Coalition on Clinician Wellbeing. https://nam.edu/clinicianwellbeing/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Factors-Affecting-Clinician-Well-Being-and-Resilience-July-2019.pdf	Conceptual Model. Factors affecting clinician well-being and resilience. Service vs. personal life	Rules and regulations, society and culture, Personal factors, skills and abilities, healthcare responsibilities, learning/practice environment, organizational factors.
National Academy of Medicine. Taking Action Against Clinician Burnout: A Systems Approach to Professional Wellbeing. https://nam.edu/systems-approaches-to-improve-patient-care-by-supporting-clinician-well-being/	The changing landscape of the U.S. Health Care System has had profound effects on clinical practice and the experiences of clinicians, students and trainees (“learners”), and patients and their families	Aligning organizational structures, and processes with workforce values, use systems approach, engage and commit leadership at all levels. Major Goals: Creating positive work and learning environments, reducing administrative burden, enabling technology solutions, providing support, reducing stigma and investing in research.