VARIABLES

PPML

MCO

GAMMA

NEGBIN

$\log {\text{dist}}_{ij}$

−0.893***

−0.0000697

−0.312**

−0.134

(0.134)

(0.164)

(0.135)

(0.197)

${\text{ouv}}_{ij}$

0.0741***

−2.171***

−2.585***

−2.228***

(0.350)

(0.402)

(0.337)

(0.411)

${\text{lang}}_{ij}$

0.215*

1.506***

−0.00613

−0.864***

(0.325)

(0.345)

(0.0238)

(0.252)

${\text{ccol}}_{ij}$

0.263

0.792

−0.134***

−1.101

(0.578)

(0.801)

(0.0500)

(0.755)

$\log y_i$

0.538

−0.915

−0.0628

−1.418**

(0.695)

(0.828)

(0.0503)

(0.704)

$\log y_j$

0.102**

0.725***

0.0432***

0.0944

(0.0864)

(0.0822)

(0.00519)

(0.0718)

$\log {\text{pop}}_i$

1.094

0.638

0.0231

0.597***

(0.728)

(0.858)

(0.0512)

(0.187)

$\log {\text{pop}}_j$

0.845***

−1.626***

−0.112***

1.083***

(0.0782)

(0.151)

(0.0115)

(0.309)

$\log {\text{igouv}}_i$

−1.278*

0.975

0.0717

−0.804

(2.117)

(1.980)

(0.108)

(1.485)

lograils

0.12800

−0.000161

−4.15e−05

0.0668

(0.000489)

(0.000520)

(2.93e−05)

(0.0565)

logfreight

0.2110

−0.00892

−0.000287

−0.000783

(0.0137)

(0.00935)

(0.000539)

(0.0102)

logmobile

0.0173

−0.00410

5.27e−05

0.00661

(0.0139)

(0.0157)

(0.000861)

(0.0101)

loginternet

−0.218

0.0862

0.00240

−0.864***

(0.0806)

(0.0562)

(0.00343)

(0.252)

logroutes

0.2004

−2.653

3.233

−2.746

(6.422)

(9.996)

(8.116)

(10.00)

Constant

29.50***

24.90**

4.438***

(8.826)

(10.31)

(0.637)

Even effects

YES

NO

NO

NO

Time effect

YES

NO

NO

NO

Observations

720

476

471

476

R-squared

0.160

0.172