Variables

Description

Data sources

X i j

It is the dependent variable that measures the bilateral trade betwen i and j.

WITS (COMTRADE)

dist i j

This is the distance that separates country i and j. It’s calculated from geographic coordinates and measured in kilometers.

CEPII

Y ( i ) j

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of country i and j

UNCTAD

POP ( i ) j

Population Total of countries i and j

UNCTAD

LANG i j

Dummy variable indicating common language sharing between countries i and j

CEPII

CCOL i j

Dummy variable that indicates whether countries i and j have a common colonizer

CEPII

ouv i j

Dummy variable to capture if countries i and j have a maritime opening

CEPII

igouv i t

This is the simple arithmetic mean of governance indicators

Authors based on World Bank

infrastructures i t

It’s all the physical infrastructure that considered in the model

WDI and UIT