Variable name

Variable description

lnpay3

The logarithm of the total amount of compensation of the top three executives who disclosed the highest salary amount in the listed company

Turnover

If a listed company has changed CEOs during the year, the value is 1, otherwise is 0

social trust

Social trust indicators of different provinces, the greater the value, the higher the social trust

roe

The net profit/Average balance of shareholders’ equity

size

Company size, the logarithm of total assets

mb

Earnings per share = net profit/total number of shares

logfirmage

The logarithm of years of company listing

dual

When the chairman and general manager are in one, the value is 1, otherwise is 0

boardsize

Number of board members

indpdr1

Board independence, proportion of independent directors = number of independent directors/number of board members

lev_t

Asset-liability ratio = total liabilities/total assets

capex_at

Capital expenditure/total assets

eshared

Executive shareholding ratio = number of shares held by executives/total number of shares

audoptyp

If standard without reservation, the value is 0,otherwise is 1

Herfendal10

The sum of the squares of the shareholding ratio of the top 10 major shareholders of the company