S. No. | Name of Plant/product | Type of Immunostimulatory acivity | Author |
1 | Glycyrrhizin (Glycosylated saponin) | Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and immunostimulatory activities. | Wada et al., 1987 [177] |
2 | Glycyrrhizin | Increased protection in yellowtail fish against E. seriola infection. | Edahiro et al. 1990, 1991 [178] [179] |
3 | in vitro treatment with glycyrrhizin | Enhanced respiratory burst activity of macrophages and proliferative responses of lymphocytes from rainbow trout. | Jang et al., 1995 [180] |
4 | Rainbow trout treated orally with soyabean protein | Increased leucocyte activities such as phagocytosis, bacterial killing and producation of superoxide. | Rumsey et al., 1994 [181] |
5 | The bath administration of saponin with Y. ruckeri vaccine | Enhanced the in vitro bactericidal activities in rainbow trout. | Grayson et al., 1987 [182] |
6 | The oral administration of saponin | Increased leucocyte migration in yellowtail. | Ninomiya et al., 1995 [183] |
7 | Immunostimulant effect of Spirulina | Tilapia , Channel catfish Atlantic salmon. | Park and Jeong,1996 [184] ; Duncan and Klesius, 1996 [185] Gildberg et al., 1996 [186] |
8 | Immunostimulant effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract Azadirachta indica, Piper betle, Crossandra infundibuliformis | Enhanced antibody response to Aeromonas hydrophila. Increase in antibody response and increase in neutrophil activity in Oreochromis mossambicus Enhanced neutrophil activity in Tilapia. | Dinakaran, 2001 [187] Dinakaran, 2001 [187] Venkatalakshmi and Dinakaran Michael, 2001 [159] |
9 | Acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri, Ocimum sanctum and Acalypha indica | Enhanced the antiSRBC antibody response in Tilapia. | Hemapriya, 1997 [188] |
10 | Catheranthus roseus, Calotropis gigantea and Datura stromoneum. | Immunostimulatory effect on Cyprinus carpio. | Kiran Kumar, 2001 [171] |
11 | Aqueous extract of neem stem bark | Enhance immune response of Balb-c mice to sheep red blood cells. | Nirjo and Kofi-Tsekpo, 1999 [44] |
12 | Aqueous extract of neem leaf | Potent immunostimulant activity humoral and cell- both mediated responses. | Sen et al., 1993 [163] ; Ray et al., 1996 [165] |
13 | Leaf extract of neem | Higher IgM and IgG levels along with increased titer of antiovalbumin antibody. | Ray et al., 1996 [165] |
14 | Neem oil | Activate cell-mediated immune mechanisms to elicit an enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge. | Upadhyay et al., 1993 [166] |
15 | Achyranthes aspera | Stimulates immunity and increases resistance to infection in Indian major carps. | Chakrabarti, R. and Y.V. Rao (2006). [173] |
16 | Holy basil, Tulsi Ocimum sanctum | Enhanced immunostimulatory action in Rohu fish Labeo rohita. | Das et al., 2013 [144] |